Improvement in steam engines



i [n veu far.' ly 1M@ o o @J ILPERS. PHOTO-UTHOGHAPHER. WASHINGTON. D, C,

avdnfoyz- A NAPETERS, PHDYO-LJTHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON D C @gatito tats @anni @frn .IMPROVEMENT 1N STEAM ENGINES.

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T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERNE Be it Aknown that I, JOHN M. NOS, of Saint Joseph, in the county of Bel-rien, and State of Michigan, haye invented a new and useful Improvement iuA Steam Engines; and I do hereby declare and make known that the following. is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon, `Which'forlzn part of this specification. Y

My said invention consists in arranging, 'at one end of the steam cylinder, a steam generator, as` hereinafter more fully described, into which generator only enough Water to generate the amount of steam necessaryv to give the piston a single stroke, is injected at one time, thus dispensing with large generators and obviating all danger of explosions, the steam at the'same time acting directly upon the piston, thus greatly economizing the power thereof. My said invention further consists in so arranging the steam generator in relation to the furnace which heats thesame, that that part thereof intonvhich the water is introduced as aforesaid, may be heated less than the remaining part, so that the Water introduced may be readily converted into steam, .which then passes into the more heated part of the generator to be converted into superheated steam before entering the cylinder to operatethe piston. My said invention further consists in a novel arrangementwithin the steam generator for preventing the' injected water from coming in contact with the surface of the generator, thus preventing the incrustation thereof, and preserving it from the injurious effects of sudden expansion land contraction, and at the same time aii'ording'a much greater heating surfacefto act upon the water to convert it into steam, and upon the steam to superheat it, while from the fact that said arrangement is removable, it affords a ready and simple mode of cleaning out the generator and removing all incrustations. A

To enable those skilled in the art to understand how to construct and use my said invention, I will proceed to describe the same with particularity, making reference in so doing to the aforesaid drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a front elevation of my invention. Figure 2, a plan or top view of the same. Figure o is a horizontal central sectional view thereof. Figure 4, a transverse sectional view at the line z, intig. 1 and Figure 5 is a transverse section of the steam cylinder at rv, in tig. 3. Similar letters of reference in the several figures denote like parts of my said invention. 'A represents a suitable enclosure for the furnaeefwliich zis marked K, within which enclosure, and above .he furnace, as showu, is arranged a reservoir for water, marked R, and Within which enclosure also is arranged the generating chamber or cylinder, marked B, as shown in iigs. 3 and 4 in the aforesaid drawings. The water is pumped into the reservoir in any suitable manner, and is thence injected into the generator by any suitable means, through the pipe I, which passes through' a removable head upon said generator,-as shown, and is provided upon its end with an arrangement for dispersing or diii'using the water so as not to fall in a mass or body upon the heated surfaces Within. Within the said generator is arranged a cast-iron or other suitable metallic t 'lindrical vessel, marked E, into one end ofwhich enters the pipe I, asshown, and in the other end of which l `ere is a suitable outlet, as shown in iig. 3. The said cylinder has exterior projections to prevent its lying pon the generating cylinder B, thus leaving an aunula1"'space between the generator and said removable liuder E, as shown. vWithin the said.cylindrical,vessel'llis arranged one of similar configuration, marked F, aving perforated'walls, as shown, and having between it and E a space, as shown. This perforated cylinder readily removed from the cylinder `E by removing the outer end of said cylinder E, which is made removable for that purpose. lt'will be observed that thesaid steam-generating cylinder extends outside of the furnace, while the interior end is within ,the furnace,1so that .theheat will be less intense at the outer end in which the .foresaid removable metallic cylinders E E are placed, and into which the water is injected, than at the other end of the cylinder, represented by B, into which the Asteam passes in entering the steam cylinder C, which is arranged at the end of the generator, so that the steam in entering said cylinder has a direct action upon the piston, avoiding all loss of power by friction, and all condensation which would result from passing the steam through pipes before it enters the said cylinder. The steam cylinder C, as shown, is attached to or arranged.

with the generator, so as' in a certain sense to form apart of the same, and yet in such a manner as to be detached and removed from it, so that in cxisef eithergetting out of repair it may be replaced without disturbing the other part. Between the generator and'cylinder there is a port, d, at one end, and a port, at the other, the one opening directly into-the cylinder, andthe other being connected with the generator by means of a pipe, G, as shown. Theseports are opened and closed alternately by means'of ashaft, L, having transverse grooves or passages b-c,at right angles with cach other', at the points where the shaft cuts the ports, as'shown.V The said shaft` is provided at one end with a crank'and arm, M, connected with the machinery ofthe engine in such a manner as to give asuita-ble rocking movement to the shaft, which has fthe eiect to operate the valves in the ports as desired. At each end ot' the saidcylinder C are exhaust ports, igf,'openng into an escape pipa-H, as shown, having suitable cut-offs, z z', operated to open and'close said exhaust ports as desired, by means of the said rocking movement of the shaft Ii, to which said cut-ofi` slides are suitably connected. Instead of the arrange' mentfor opening and closing Athe several ports above named, any other suitable valves or slides may be used.

At thatl side ofthe enclosure A at which the steam cylinder connects with the generator, there is a narrow space marked A." left, having openings, at the front and rear, so as to allow and induce a current of cold air through the same and about the cylinder, to prevent the cylinder C from being lover-heated by the action or effect of the fire in the furnace. When there is no steam in the generator the engine must, or may, be started by injecting a. suicient amount of water into the generator by means of a hand-pump; but as the generator' should be made of suiii'cient size to contain steam enough to produce two or three strokes of the piston, this will be unnecessary afterA any temporary stoppage of the engine.

4Having described the nature and construction of my invention, I will proceed to describe 'its operation. The ire being started in the furnace,'and the generator suiiiciently heated, the water is injected in suitable quantities into the generator, and being dispersed upon v the interior of the perforated cylinder F, islet once converted into steam. If it should happen that all the water should not be converted into steam within said perforated cylinder, passing through the said perforations, it would come in contact with the close cylinder E,

and there all water which was before unconverted would be changed into steam, and then thewhole body of thesteam would pass on into the chamber B', more intensely'heated, and'be superheated.v The superheated steam filling the space between the walls of the generating cylinder and the cylinder E, serves to heat the said cylinder E and make it'moree'ectual in its operation in vaporizing the water coming in contact with' it as aforesaid. vThus it tvill be observed that no water comes in contact with the surface of thergenerating cylinder, Aand hence there are no sudden changes of temperature to injure it, and no injury can result from incrustation, as all contraction and expansion arising from the contact of Water, and all incrustations arisingfrot'n thes'ame cause,

Aoccur upon and in the removable cylinders E and F, se that all repairs and cleaning out are e'ected by removing said cylinders, or one of them, and removing the incrustation, or replacing them with new ones. The steam having been superheated, as aforesaid,l passes through the port d, and the exhaust portg being closed, moves the piston back t0 the position indicated in fig. 3. Just at .this point the movement of the shaft L closes the exhaust portfand port d, and opens the port e, and exhaust-port g, 'so that the. steam entering the cylinder n t e forces the piston back to its original position, and so on as long as the engine may be in operation. lInstead of using a single 'steam cylinder, and admittingthe steam into both lends, as herein described, two cylinders with corresponding generators may be used, thereby obtaining the direct action of the steam upon the piston in both movements. Dampers may be arranged in the furnaceor smoke pipe for the purpose of regulating and controlling the heat if desired.' l l Having described the nature, construction, and. operation of my aforesaid, invention, I will now proceed fo specify what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent i I. I claim the arrangement of the'generating cylinder or chamber, with they steam cylinder of' a steam engine, when connected by one or two ports, andoperating'substantially as and for the purposes set forth.'

2. Ivclaim the arrangement within the generator of one or more removable cylinders', E F, substantially as and for the purposes specified. l.

'3. I claim the arrangement of the'generator with respect to the furnace-in such a manner that after the water is converted into steam in one part thereof, said steam passes through an intensely heated chamber and becomes superheated in its passage intothe steam cylinder, substantially as specied.-

4. I claim the arrangement of the cold-air passage A', with respect to the generator and .steam cylinder,

substantially asaud for the purposes described.

` JOHN M. ENOS,

Witnesses: k

JOHN M. DEAnBoRrgu HENRY O. PLUM. 

